In 2012, the European Union won a big awardwhich is called ‘the Nobel Peace Prize’.This award was given to the European Unionfor its good work keeping peace in Europe. Soon, more and more countries in Europe joined themand the European Union was made. The idea to make the European Union cameafter two big wars happened in Europe.Countries in Europe saw thatit is better to work togetherthan fighting against each other.
Anaximander placed the boundary between Asia and Europe along the Phasis River (the modern Rioni River on the territory of Georgia) in the Caucasus, a convention still followed by Herodotus in the 5th century BCE. As a name for a part of the known world, it is first used in the 6th century BCE by Anaximander and Hecataeus. Spain, for example, has territories south of the Mediterranean Sea—namely, Ceuta and Melilla—which are parts of Africa and share a border with Morocco. Turkey is generally considered a transcontinental country divided entirely by water, while Russia and Kazakhstan are only partly divided by waterways. Cartographer Herman Moll suggested in 1715 Europe was bounded by a series of partly joined waterways directed towards the Turkish straits, and the Irtysh River draining into the upper part of the Ob River and the Arctic Ocean.
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The empire continued to expand under emperors such as Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius, who spent time on the Empire’s northern border fighting Germanic, Pictish and Scottish tribes. Greece was followed by Rome, which left its mark on law, politics, language, engineering, architecture, government, and many more key aspects in western civilisation. The Flora Europaea adopted a boundary along the Terek and Kuban rivers, so southwards from the Kuma and the Manych, but still with the Caucasus entirely in Asia. 1773 by a German naturalist, Peter Simon Pallas, as a valley that once connected the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and subsequently was proposed as a natural boundary between continents. Since then, many modern analytical geographers like Halford Mackinder have declared that they see little validity in the Ural Mountains as a boundary between continents. Voltaire, writing in 1760 about Peter the Great’s efforts to make Russia more European, ignored the whole boundary question with his claim that neither Russia, Scandinavia, northern Germany, nor Poland were fully part of Europe.
The first recorded usage of Eurṓpē as a geographic term is in the Homeric Hymn to Delian Apollo, in reference to the western shore of the Aegean Sea. According to the current convention, Georgia and Azerbaijan are transcontinental countries where waterways have been completely replaced by mountains as the divide between continents. The current division of Eurasia into two continents now reflects East-West cultural, linguistic and ethnic differences which vary on a spectrum rather than with a sharp dividing line.
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Constantine also permanently moved the capital of the empire from Rome to the city of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) which was renamed Constantinople in his honour in 330 CE. The two centuries that followed are known as the pax romana, a period of unprecedented peace, prosperity and political stability in most of Europe. Expanding from their base in central Italy beginning in the third century BCE, the Romans gradually expanded to eventually rule the entire Mediterranean basin and Western Europe by the turn of the millennium. During the 2.5 million years of the Pleistocene, numerous cold phases called glacials (Quaternary ice age), or significant advances of continental ice sheets, in Europe and North America, occurred at intervals of approximately 40,000 to 100,000 years.
- This English disaster also allowed the Spanish fleet to retain its capability to wage war for the next decades.
- Consequently, when the American Revolutionary War turned into a global war between 1778 and 1783, Britain found itself opposed by a strong coalition of European powers, and lacking any substantial ally.
- Stalin was also responsible for the Great Purge of 1937–38 in which the NKVD executed 681,692 people; millions of people were deported and exiled to remote areas of the Soviet Union.
- The trade between East and West, as well as towards Asia, which had been disrupted for a long time by the two world wars, new borders and the Cold War, increased sharply after 1989.
- The European Union, a political entity composed of 27 European states, comprises the largest single economic area in the world.
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The model of the Blue Banana was designed as an economic geographic representation of the respective economic power of the regions, which was further developed into the Golden Banana or Blue Star. Not included are the three countries of the United Kingdom with devolved powers and the two Autonomous Regions of Portugal, which despite having a unique degree of autonomy, are not largely self-governing in matters other than international affairs. This includes Åland (an autonomous county of Finland), two autonomous territories of the Kingdom of Denmark (other than Denmark proper), three Crown Dependencies and two British Overseas Territories. Within the above-mentioned states are several de facto independent countries with limited to no international recognition.
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Most of the older geology of western Europe existed as part of the ancient microcontinent Avalonia. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica and so may be regarded geologically as the “main continent”, while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in the south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. Europe’s most significant feature is the dichotomy between highland and mountainous Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Ireland in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. Finally and very soon afterwards, Laurasia itself split up again, into Laurentia (North America) and the Eurasian continent.
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It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Today, 20 out of 27 European Union countries use the euro. That means that people can travel freely and easilyfrom one of these countries to another.This way it is easier for people to visit any of these countriesfor tourism or for work. After the European Union was created,there were no more wars between the countriesthat are part of the European Union.Thanks to the European Union,all countries in Europe work together in peace. The countries of the European Unionshare some important values.For example, they work to make sure that all people are equaland their rights are respected.
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The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europe’s highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. When considering the commuter belts or metropolitan areas within Europe (for which comparable data is available), Moscow covers the largest population, followed in order by Istanbul, London, Paris, Madrid, Milan, Ruhr Area, Saint Petersburg, Rhein-Süd, Barcelona and Berlin. 64.9% of the residents live on the European side and 35.1% on the Asian side.The next largest cities in order of population are Madrid, Saint Petersburg, Milan, Barcelona, Berlin, and Rome each having over three million residents. In the 21st century, France has the largest Jewish population in Europe, followed by the United Kingdom, Germany and Russia.
Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, prompting France and the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany on 3 September, opening the European theatre of the Second World War. In 1933, Hitler became the leader of Germany and began to work towards his goal of building Greater Germany. Helped by the economic crisis, social instability and the threat of communism, fascist movements developed throughout Europe placing Adolf Hitler in power of what became Nazi Germany.
Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Europe is a continentt located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
- In the 21st century, France has the largest Jewish population in Europe, followed by the United Kingdom, Germany and Russia.
- Turkic languages include Azerbaijani, Kazakh and Turkish, in addition to smaller languages in Eastern and Southeast Europe (Balkan Gagauz Turkish, Bashkir, Chuvash, Crimean Tatar, Karachay-Balkar, Kumyk, Nogai and Tatar).
- The water of the Mediterranean extends from the Sahara desert to the Alpine arc in its northernmost part of the Adriatic Sea near Trieste.
Between 4500 and 3000 BCE, these central European neolithic cultures developed further to the west and the north, transmitting newly acquired skills in producing copper artifacts. The 1745 atlas published by the Russian Academy of Sciences has the boundary follow the Don beyond Kalach as far as Serafimovich before cutting north towards Arkhangelsk, while other 18th- to 19th-century mapmakers such as John Cary followed Strahlenberg’s prescription. The question of defining a precise eastern boundary of Europe arises in the Early Modern period, as the eastern extension of Muscovy began to include North Asia. Politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states, of which Russia is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population.
Consequently, when the American Revolutionary War turned into a global war between 1778 and 1783, Britain found itself opposed by a strong coalition of European powers, and lacking any substantial ally. According to Peter Barrett, “It is widely accepted that ‘modern science’ arose in the Europe of the 17th century (towards the end of the Renaissance), introducing a new understanding of the natural world.” The Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648) crippled the Holy Roman Empire and devastated much of Germany, killing between 25 and 40 percent of its population. The plunder of the empires of the Americas allowed Spain to finance religious persecution in Europe for over a century.
The population of Europe is currently slowly decreasing, by about 0.2% per year, because there are fewer births than deaths. The population of Europe was about 742 million in 2023 according to UN estimates. As a result, measures were taken, especially for Greece, by the leading countries of the Eurozone. In 2010, fears of a sovereign debt crisis developed concerning some countries in Europe, especially Greece, Ireland, Spain and Portugal.
Russia was plunged into the Russian Revolution, which threw down the Tsarist monarchy and replaced it with the communist Soviet Union, leading also to the independence of many former Russian governorates, such as Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as new European countries. The industrial revolution also led to large population growth, and the share of the world population living in Europe reached a peak of slightly above 25% around the year 1913. In the 19th century, 70 million people left Europe in migrations to various European colonies abroad and to the United States. The last major famine recorded in Western Europe, the Great Famine of Ireland, caused death and mass emigration of millions of Irish people. Europe’s population increased from about 100 million in 1700 to 400 million by 1900. In 1867, the Austro-Hungarian empire was formed; 1871 saw the unifications of both Italy and Germany as nation-states from smaller principalities.
The continent’s eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. Europe’s eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. A narrow east–west tongue of Eurasian grassland (the steppe) extends westwards from Ukraine and southern Russia and ends in Hungary and traverses into taiga to the north. Another widely endorsed scheme puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern part—that is, the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russia’s Caspian Sea coast—in Asia.
The European Union is a group of 27 countries in Europe.These countries came togetherto make things better, easier and safer for people.They agreed to work together and help each other. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by name—e.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. A growing percentage of people in urban areas are employed in a wide range of service activities, which have come to dominate the economies of most countries. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its vegas casino app principal resource.
Still another scheme with many adherents locates the continental boundary along the Aras River and the Turkish border, thereby putting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in Europe. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities.
Europe had a total population of about 745 million (about 10% of the world population) in 2021; the third-largest after Asia and Africa. Chic and charming historic center 2/4 people Treat yourself to a wellness break in the heart of the Carmes.This elegant apartment, facing the Dalbade church, welcomes you for a romantic or relaxing stay. Our apartment for 2 people is carefully decorated and very well equipped.
In Asia, European-derived populations, specifically Russians, predominate in North Asia and some parts of Northern Kazakhstan. Africa has no countries with European-derived majorities (or with the exception of Cape Verde and probably São Tomé and Príncipe, depending on context), but there are significant minorities, such as the White South Africans in South Africa. In 2005, the EU had an overall net gain from immigration of 1.8 million people. Europe is home to the highest number of migrants of all global regions at nearly 87 million people in 2020, according to the International Organisation for Migration. The UN predicts a steady population decline in Central and Eastern Europe as a result of emigration and low birth rates. The United Nations predicts that Europe will decline in population between 2022 and 2050 by −7 per cent, without changing immigration movements.
